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Mystery of how Shell escaped Brent Bravo criminal prosecution

The Sunday Times article may go some way to illuminating the mystery of how Shell miraculously escaped criminal prosecution.

By John Donovan

An article published in Scotland by The Sunday Times may help to explain why the health and safety division of the Crown office and Procurator Fiscal Service decided not to prosecute Royal Dutch Shell for alleged criminal offences arising from an explosion on the Brent Bravo platform.

In 2005, Shell was fined a record £900,000 at Stonehaven Sheriff Court, for a series of safety failings on the platform which led to a gas leak inside the giant platform’s utility leg and the tragic deaths of two workers, Keith Moncrieff and Sean McCue.

Former Shell International HSE Group Auditor, Bill Campbell, revealed that Shell had operated a “Touch F*** All” safety culture on the platform and that safety records had been falsified. He reported this to Malcolm Brinded, the then Managing Director of Shell Expro, who failed to take proper action. This was before the explosion.

Mr Campbell later courageously provided evidence, which resulted in Grampian Police conducting a long investigation into related alleged bribery and corruption of HSE officials by Shell. The police passed the case file to the Procurator Fiscal Service for a decision on whether to prosecute.

Mr Campbell was surprised when the Procurator Fiscal Service announced that it had dropped the case because there was insufficient evidence to justify a criminal prosecution. He was even more surprised to discover that NO witnesses were ever interviewed from the list he had provided to the Police. Neither witnesses from Shell or HSE.  Or indeed, the independent witnesses who could have provided corroboration.

Mr Campbell still maintains that there is an abundance of evidence provided by Shell employees and by HSE as a result of their internal investigation and through information released under the Freedom of Information Act. He remains utterly baffled why witness statements were not requested from the Procurator Fiscal by Crown Counsel.

The Sunday Times article may go some way to illuminating the mystery of how Shell miraculously escaped criminal prosecution.

It is alleged that Scottish prosecutors cherry-pick the easiest “slam dunk” cases. This would explain a 99% success rate. They allegedly do not pursue health and safety cases which are “slightly more difficult”.

Bill Campbell handed over a wealth of evidence, but for some reason, it was not properly followed up by the Procurator Fiscal, leaving Mr Campbell and apparently Grampion Police, mystified by the outcome.

The Sunday Times 5 February 2012

Lord advocate ‘takes only easy health and safety cases’

SCOTLAND’S top prosecutor has been accused of inflating the conviction rate in health and safety proceedings by only targeting so-called “slam dunk” cases where success is almost guaranteed.

Lord advocate Frank Mulholland has defended the claims which have been raised at Westminster, insisting every case placed before him will be taken on, regardless of difficulty.

Since the health and safety division of the Crown office and Procurator Fiscal Service was set up in 2009, 77 of the 78 completed cases have resulted in convictions – a success rate of 99%.

However, while appearing before the Commons Scottish affairs committee, he was accused by chairman Ian Davidson of cherry-picking the easiest cases.

The Scottish Labour MP asked whether, given the number of fatalities and reported serious accidents in Scotland, he thought he was taking on enough prosecutions.

Davidson said: “There’s a chance they are not pursuing the cases which are slightly more difficult. So paradoxically, this is one situation where having a lower success rate is possibly better.

“Our initial suspicion is they are restrained in terms of manpower and therefore they are only pursuing prosecution in those cases which we describe as slam dunk. That would worry us quite a bit.

“If they are not being passed on to him, the question is whether they are being filtered out at an earlier stage in the process before they get to him. It may be that those who are passing them on to him are taking too cautious a view of what might be prosecutable.”

He added: “We have been worried for some time about the high rate of health and safety-related deaths and serious injuries in Scotland. There are more people in agriculture, quarrying, construction, but that didn’t explain all of it.

“If someone is getting a 1Wlo success rate with prosecutions, then it potentially means they are only taking ones where they are.absolutely certain of a success. Our concern is that there is a filter which removes difficult cases.”

There has been a number of high-profile health and safety prosecutions in Scotland in recent years, including the Stockline Plastics explosion in Glasgow’s Maryhill in 2004 which claimed nine lives.

Operators ICL Plastics and ICL Tech were fined £400,0000 after admitting four charges. The High Court in Glasgow, heard that the leaking pipework that caused the explosion could have been replaced for just £405.

Utility firm Transco was fined a record £15m after being convicted on a charge arising from an explosion which killed four people. Andrew and Janette Findlay and their children Stacey, 13, and Daryl, 11, died in the explosion in Larkhall, South Lanarkshire, in December 1999.

Transco was found guilty after a six-month trial in Edinburgh of breaching health and safety laws.

A Crown Office spokesman rejected the suggestions.

He said: “If we have sufficient admissible, credible and reliable evidence, and it is in the public interest to prosecute, then we will prosecute.

“The excellent record of the health and safety division is due solely to the diligence and expertise of our prosecutors, who work extremely hard to secure guilty pleas and convictions in the most complex of cases.

“The lord advocate made the committee aware that 219 eases had been reported to the health and safety division since its inception. Of those, 78 have been prosecuted and 77 have resulted in convictions. There are 116 live cases under consideration for which no decision has been taken.

“Ten cases have resulted in a Fatal Accident Inquiry. No proceedings have been taken in 15 cases. In six of those cases proceedings could not have been taken because the company was no longer trading.

“In another five cases proceedings could not have been taken because there was insufficient evidence in law.”

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmscotaf/uc1344-vii/uc134401.htm

Shell CEO Peter Voser €6.75 million salary plus €3.5 million bonus

I doubt that Mr. Voser will emulate Network Rail bosses in the face of a widespread public backlash against Fat Cat bonuses and waive his Fat Cat bonus, as they have, to improve safety? Fat chance.

By John Donovan

According to a report filed on Monday with the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission, Peter Voser, the Swiss Chief Executive of Royal Dutch Shell Plc received €6.75 million in salary for 2011 plus a bonus of €3.5 million, a combined total of over €10 million.

Voser wants half of his bonus (€1.75 million) paid in shares. The full details of the bonuses at the top of Shell will not be known until publication of the annual report of the company.

Peter Voser was in 2010 the highest paid director of any Dutch listed company.

This is the gentleman who as part of his Vosification plan, asked hundreds of senior Shell managers to reapply for their own jobs.

I doubt that Mr. Voser will emulate Network Rail bosses in the face of a widespread public backlash against Fat Cat bonuses and waive his Fat Cat bonus, as they have, to improve safety? Fat chance.

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Shell raises alarm over oil theft

FEBRUARY 6, 2012

LAGOS (AFP) – Shell raised the alarm on Monday over repeated damage to a key pipeline in southern Nigeria by what it said were thieves seeking to siphon off crude for sale on the lucrative black market.

The Anglo-Dutch oil giant said the Nembe Creek Trunkline had been hit by an increased number of attacks by thieves “barely 16 months after the old line was replaced due to repeated sabotage attacks.”

While highly organised crude theft — locally called “bunkering” — has long been a major problem in Nigeria, Africa’s largest oil producer, authorities have warned that the practice has been on the rise.

It involves thieves tapping pipelines to siphon off oil either to be sold as crude or to be treated at makeshift refineries. The oil is often directed toward waiting vessels.

“On the 24th of December last year, the line was shut down because of leaks caused by two failed bunkering points, and since repairs were completed, more than 50 theft valves have been discovered,” a Shell statement said.

“In one case, some 17 illegal bunkering points were found within a distance of 3.8 kilometres.”

Mutiu Sunmonu, head of Shell’s Nigerian joint venture SPDC, said in the statement that “the level of crude theft at NCTL can no longer be tolerated.”

“It is difficult to sustain production in the circumstance as we have to shut down when a facility trips and fix the cause before restarting,” he said. “This happened three times just between the 26th and 30th of January.”

Shell resumed production on the line January 23 after repairs due to the December incident, which led it to declare “force majeure,” a legal term indicating it may not meet contractual obligations due to events beyond its control.

The line’s current daily output is 140,000 barrels per day, Shell said.

Shell says the vast majority of oil spills in recent years in the oil-producing Niger Delta region, badly hit by years of pollution, have been caused by sabotage, theft and illegal refining.

However, activists say Shell has not done enough to prevent such spills, and a UN report issued last year took Shell’s Nigerian joint venture to task over oil pollution.

The report said Shell’s procedures for control and maintenance of infrastructure had not been followed and spills had also not been sufficiently cleaned.

SOURCE ARTICLE

Shell, UOP Among Companies Put on Blacklist by Iran, Mehr Says

By Ladane Nasseri – Feb 6, 2012 4:10 PM GMT

Iranian Oil Minister Rostam Qasemi has ordered five European companies, including Royal Dutch Shell Plc, to be put on a blacklist for failing to meet their commitments in the nation’s refinery projects, Mehr reported.

Shell and UOP LLC, a unit of U.S.-based Honeywell International Inc., were among the companies named in the report published today by the state-run news agency.

Qasemi “ordered the National Iranian Oil Products Refining and Distribution Co. to halt foreign purchases of license in the country’s refinery projects at a time of increasing sanctions and lack of commitment of foreign companies,” according to the news agency.

‘These companies will have no role in the future in Iran’s oil and gas industries,” Mehr said, citing the refiner.

Iran is in conflict with western countries over accusations that it is using its nuclear program as a cover for developing weapons, a charge the government denies. European Union foreign ministers agreed on Jan. 23 to ban Iranian crude oil imports starting in July and freeze the assets of the country’s central bank, measures that come in addition to previous United Nations, U.S. and EU sanctions.

To contact the reporter on this story: Ladane Nasseri in Dubai at lnasseri@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Andrew J. Barden at barden@bloomberg.net

SOURCE ARTICLE

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Shell, Cosan’s Sugar Venture Will Expand Output 9% in New Season

FEBRUARY 06, 2012

By Isis Almeida

Feb. 6 (Bloomberg) — Raizen, a joint venture of Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Cosan Industria & Comercio SA in Brazil, will process 9 percent more sugar cane in the season starting in April than a year earlier, commercial director Ivan Melo said.

Raizen’s cane processing in the 2012-13 season will be 57.6 million metric tons, with sugar output up about 15 percent to 4.3 million tons and ethanol supply about 10 percent higher at 2.4 billion liters (634 million gallons), Melo said in an interview at the Kingsman conference in Dubai today. Sweetener content will also rise, he said.

“We have an accelerated replanting program and we have two mills, one in Mato Grosso do Sul and one in Goias, where production will be rising this year because they are new units,” he said. It takes five to six years for a new mill to reach capacity, he said. Melo is based in Sao Paulo.

The cane crop in Brazil’s center-south, the main growing region of the world’s biggest producer, will be 536 million tons in the period, Melo said in a speech at the conference yesterday. That compares with an output of 492.7 million tons so far this season, data from Brazilian industry group Unica show. Sugar output in the area will be 33 million to 34.5 million tons, he said.

Sugar cane output in the center-south fell for the first time in a decade in the 2011-12 season after frost, flowering and dry weather damaged the crop, Unica said. Flowering and frost reduced productivity by 4 percent last year, Melo said.

“Everybody is accelerating planting so if we have normal weather conditions, without frost and flowering, it is normal that production will rise,” he said.

Ethanol Switch

Producers in Brazil will direct 47 percent of the cane to sugar production this year, down from 48 percent in the 2011-12 season because of lower prices, he said. Both sugar and ethanol are made from raw material cane in the South American country.

Sugar reached a 30-year high of 36.08 cents a pound in February 2011, and ended the year down 27 percent on speculation supplies will outpace demand. The global surplus will be 6.5 million to 8 million tons in 2011-12, Melo said.

“Lower sugar prices will give an incentive for the Brazilian producer to want to explore the domestic and export ethanol market,” he said. “Below 22 cents a pound the producer will start looking for other alternatives other than sugar.”

Raw sugar for March delivery was up 1.2 percent at 24.22 cents a pound at 10:30 a.m. London time on the ICE Futures U.S. exchange in New York.

Brazilian ports should not experience bottlenecks this year because the sugar market is moving into a so-called contango and therefore there won’t be a rush to obtain the product, he said. A contango structure is when sugar for delivery in later dates becomes more expensive than the sweetener for immediate delivery, signaling ample supplies.

–Editors: Claudia Carpenter, Sharon Lindores

To contact the reporter on this story: Isis Almeida in Dubai at ialmeida3@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Claudia Carpenter at ccarpenter2@bloomberg.net

SOURCE ARTICLE

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Royal Dutch Shell downgraded

Extract from “Today’s Top Equity Ratings Changes”

By Andrea Tryphonides

Another week begins and we are here to guide you through the top rating changes in Europe Monday:

• Firstly Credit Suisse has downgraded Royal Dutch Shell to neutral from outperform following the company’s fourth quarter results released on Feb. 2. The brokerage highlights lower 2012-15 free cash flow estimates, cut by 22% due to higher capital expenditure. Also, it sees little potential for Shell to re-rate on multiples given sector-average free cash and dividend growth in the medium term.

COMPLETE SOURCE ARTICLE

OGONI HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH BUREAU INAUGURATED

Human Rights Watch Bureau Director – Chief Superintendent of Police, Chief Yaesu Neebee.

As part of a broader civil society mechanism to protect and defend every Ogoni person – child, man and woman against doctrines, policies and practices that infringe human rights and fundamental freedoms in Nigeria, MOSOP President/Spokesman, Dr. Goodluck Diigbo today February 3, 2012 inaugurated the Ogoni Human Rights Watch Bureau in Bori, Ogoni.

Headed by a retired Chief Superintendent of the Nigeria Police Force, Chief Yaesu Neebee as Bureau Director, and assisted by a retired Assistant Superintendent of Nigeria Police, ASP Lucky Nuataa, the body collaborating with two law firms in Nigeria, is to independently document human rights situation at the village or city level in a fair, impartial and competent manner.

Already, 17 city representatives have been recruited by MOSOP secretariat to coordinate activities at village level as grassroots monitors, while each village or city has 14 days to set up a grassroots center.

Former Chair Person of the 2010 Ogoni Referendum Committee, Ms. Christiana Nwiko is to serve as secretary of the Human Rights Bureau.

An oversight body – Ogoni Human Rights Board headed by Pastor Nelson Diginee, an experience activist minister is to work with representatives of Council of Ogoni Churches, Federation of Ogoni Women Association, National Youth Council of Ogoni, Council of Ogoni Traditional Rulers Association and the Ogoni Farmers Council as members. Other board members include representatives of the Ogoni Teachers Union and the Ogoni Technical
Association.

A number of Ogoni lawyers with offices in Ogoni and one law firm in Port Harcourt are to jointly provide pro-bono services. The Board is open to cooperation with other human rights institutions and groups in the effort to initiate follow-up measures on actionable reports presented by the Bureau.

The Bureau will cover all human rights issues and cooperate with MOSOP Peace and Security Council to end illegal and random land survey by Nigerian armed security forces.

In his message, Diigbo charged the body to act without fear or favor, and appealed to institutions and organizations, domestic and international that are genuinely interested in supporting human rights work in Ogoni to liaise with the Ogoni Human Rights Watch Bureau since it is a grassroots oriented body.

The Bureau Director, Retired CSP Neebee is a dedicated Community leader, and currently, a member of Gbam Bo-Ue Community Chiefs and Elders Peace Council in the Babbe Kingdom of Ogoni.

While in the Nigeria Police Force, he had served in many capacities, including as a trainer for International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on Human Rights in professional Policing Concepts, a lecturer and directing staff at the Police Training School, Nonwa in Rivers State.

He attended train-the-trainer course at the Central Planning and Training Unit Staff College, Jos. He was appointed to serve as the police officer in charge of Human Rights in Eleme Division in Rivers State, where he introduced enforcement of human rights as part of policing duties.

In his new role, CSP Neebee also has responsibility to plan and implement train-the-trainers programme for grassroots human rights assistants and build a respectful relationship between the Ogoni people and the security forces in matters concerning human rights.

The Human Rights Watch Bureau is a significant aspect of continual effort to structure and build institutions for Ogoni Central Indigenous Authority (OCIA).

Hon. Dum Ade John Budam

MOSOP Secretary General


AP Interview: Shell hopeful for Arctic drilling

By DAN JOLING
Associated Press

Published: February 5th, 2012 08:59 AM
Last Modified: February 5th, 2012 09:04 AM

ANCHORAGE, Alaska – It’s the billion-dollar question in Alaska for 2012: Will this be the year Shell Oil begins large-scale offshore exploratory drilling in Arctic waters?

Two months into 2012, the oil giant is beyond the lead time it said it needed to assemble the flotilla of support vessels that must accompany drill ships to leases in the to the remote Chukchi and Beaufort seas. But Shell Alaska Vice President Pete Slaiby remains hopeful drilling can begin when Arctic Ocean ice melts this summer, even as he awaits a green light from regulators.

“There is clearly more certainty with the regulatory process than we’ve had in previous years,” Slaiby said in an interview.

President Obama in July created an interagency working group to coordinate energy development in Alaska. Discussions with Shell have been fruitful, Slaiby said.

“There’s a lot of questions coming back from the regulators: How does this work, when will you have this in place? What are your competencies? How do you ensure it will work? This is stuff we had all thought out,” Slaiby said. “It was not like it is new stuff, or somebody was coming back with something we hadn’t thought about. But they are clearly now front and center in asking questions and in really doing the things that the public demands.”

Alaska’s elected officials are banking on offshore development to maintain Alaska’s petroleum-based economy. Environmentalists fighting to protect marine mammals have contested every permit application, claiming oil companies can’t clean up spills in ice-choked oceans. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar, in the wake of the BP oil disaster, pledged “utmost caution” in Arctic offshore drilling, to the frustration of Shell, which has spent upward of $4 billion on Arctic offshore development.

The federal government estimates Arctic Ocean outer continental shelf reserves at 26.6 billion barrels of recoverable oil and 130 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Diminished production on Alaska’s North Slope has lowered flow in the trans-Alaska pipeline to less than a third of its capacity.

Shell hopes to provide a source to fill it, and has made progress.

The company cleared a hurdle last month when the Appeals Board of the Environmental Protection Agency confirmed an air permit for one of Shell’s drill ship, the Noble Discoverer, which had blocked 2011 drilling. Shell hopes to use the drill ship in the Chukchi Sea.

The federal Bureau of Ocean Energy Management in December approved Shell’s exploration plan for the Chukchi – with a major caveat. Shell must stop drilling into hydrocarbon zones 38 days before ice is likely to move in, roughly Sept. 24, to have time to fix a wellhead blowout.

Shell contends the chance of a blowout is minimal and that its cleanup preparations can address any spill. It is trying to reverse the 38-day restriction but will move ahead with drilling if it can’t.

“Look, you have 105 days,” Slaiby said. “Thirty-eight days is a large factor in 105 days. But it looks like we’ll have to take a bit of measure of inefficiency unless we’re successful in challenging it,”

Shell has other hurdles to clear. The company could hear this month whether the Bureau of Safety and Environment Enforcement will sign off on its spill response plan, the focus of environmental groups that contend oil companies have not demonstrated they can clean up a spill 1,000 miles from the nearest Coast Guard base and from infrastructure – ports, major runways, even warehouses and hotels – that is available elsewhere.

Shell continues to make its case that it has an effective cleanup plan in place with response vessels standing by and additional support from resources staged at Prudhoe Bay and elsewhere.

“It’s been a process where we’ve not had to significantly change what we’ve done, but we’ve had to put in a lot more explanation of how it’s doing,” Slaiby said.

Well control will include a “capping stack” that can be lowered onto a well as BP did to stem the Macondo blowout. It’s being fabricated in Louisiana and will be tested in Washington or Alaska waters before drilling begins, Slaiby said.

“We’re going to have that ready to go,” Slaiby said. “It will be tested. It will meet with all of the BOEM, BSEE, requirements. We’re going to have it offshore with us. It will actually be resident on one of our anchor handlers, with a lifting frame and ready to be deployed.”

Shell is awaiting a decision on an appeal of the EPA’s air permits for its other drill ship, the Kulluk, which it hopes to use for exploratory wells in the Beaufort Sea.

Environmental and Alaska Native groups have challenged Shell’s exploration plan in the Beaufort. Arguments in the case are scheduled for March.

Shell is constructing an ice-hardy spill containment barge in Seattle. The Kulluk has been undergoing upgrades in dry dock since last summer, including replacement of engines to make them compliant with air standards. The Noble Discover is finishing up a well in New Zealand before it will make the trip to the West Coast for modifications.

Environmental groups have challenged the lease sale that allowed the 2008 sale of leases in the Chukchi. A federal judge in Anchorage ruled that the former Minerals Management Service had not followed environmental requirements before the sale. He’s now considering corrections made by the Interior Department. A negative outcome, Slaiby conceded, could block Chukchi drilling.

Slaiby remains optimistic about progress in the regulatory process. Interior Department Deputy Secretary David Hayes, the chairman of the interagency group on Alaska energy, has done a good job assembling various agencies to “kick the tires” on the project to make sure it was put together properly.

“I think the end result is pretty good,” Slaiby said.

SOURCE ARTICLE

Pemex Seeks to Add Conoco, Shell Subsidiaries to Suit

By LAURENCE ILIFF

MEXICO CITY—Mexican oil company Petroleos Mexicanos has filed a motion to add ConocoPhillips and subsidiaries of Royal Dutch Shell PLC to a 2010 suit in U.S. federal court that seeks damages against companies that had allegedly purchased natural-gas condensate that Pemex said was stolen from its operations in northern Mexico.

In a proposed amended suit that was attached to the motion, Pemex, as the state-owned company is known, said it doesn’t allege that either company “acted with intent or knowledge or that it was part of any conspiracy,” but it does allege that they are liable for “transactions involving the stolen property of Mexico.”

ConocoPhillips didn’t immediately comment Thursday. Shell said it had been notified about the suit, but declined to comment per company policy. Pemex didn’t immediately issue a statement on its latest filing.

The motion to amend the suit to add the additional companies was filed at the Southern District Court of Texas in Houston last week.

In the proposed amended suit, Pemex alleges ConocoPhillips purchased an estimated $35 million in stolen condensate from two other companies after the fuel had been “laundered” through resales to hide its origin.

The plaintiff in the original suit is the exploration and production division of Pemex, or PEP for its Spanish-language initials, which operates natural-gas operations in northern Mexico. Pemex added additional defendants to the original suit last year, bringing the total at that time to more than a dozen.

Last year’s suit followed a criminal investigation by U.S. authorities into a cross-border smuggling scheme that has resulted in the conviction of at least five people since late 2008.

Pemex said in its original suit it believes organized-crime groups have stolen more than $300 million in condensate since 2006 by robbing storage facilities and hijacking tanker trucks.

Petroleum condensates, like propane and butane, are byproducts of the production of natural gas. Pemex doesn’t typically sell the condensate, but instead uses it in its own oil refineries.

—Angel Gonzalez and Chad Bray contributed to this article.

Write to Laurence Iliff at laurence.iliff@dowjones.com

SOURCE ARTICLE

Comment: this also occurred in the 1980′s at Shell’s Dutch subsidiary, NAM, where large volumes of condensate produced from the Groningen “dry” gas field were sold and used as diesel fuel in road vehicles. It was only after an investigation by the authorities into the use of untaxed road fuel that NAM “discovered” their loss.

Royal Dutch Shell CEO Peter Voser on a Swiss roll…

Introduction by John Donovan

It seems timely, in view of recent postings on our Shell Blog, to republish an article about Shell CEO Peter Voser authored by retired Royal Dutch Shell Executive, Paddy Briggs (right). It was first published on 27 July 2009. Paddy is currently a Member Nominated Trustee of the Shell Contributory Pension Fund.

On a Swiss roll…

By Paddy Briggs

Here’s the story. You are a Swiss accountant with a proven record of ruthlessness and synthetic business acumen. You are comfortable with numbers – that’s what you do – but you know little about the minutiae of the oil business. How can you be – you are not an “oil man” you are a “dollars man”. By guile, good fortune and the Peter Principle you find yourself at the helm of one of the world’s biggest oil and gas companies. You know that you will struggle with the difficult things – like creating an organisation that finds, develops, transports, refines and markets hydrocarbons. You know nothing at all about the oil and gas chain from exploration to consumption. You’ve never really worked in it – other than seeing spreadsheets which show you how much it costs. But you are now in charge. So what you do is retreat to the familiar world of numbers. That world where there is certainty – where something that costs “$100m” is only supportable if an adequate ROACE is assured. And where, even though future earnings are always, by definition, unpredictable you find a way of getting bogus certainty where there is none. By appointing more accountants and listening to them.null

And then there is the term over which you plan to steer the business. Everyone knows that the genetics of the oil business are very long term. To find oil (which costs money) and to develop that oil (which costs more) is within the special competences of Shell – always has been. But to harvest the oil and the gas and to generate the income streams you have to be patient. But how can you be patient if you want to show how macho and “profit-focused” you are? Cut, cut, cut. It’s what I do. And immediately the bottom line benefits. Never mind that in five or ten years we won’t have any new discoveries. Never mind that in a decade or so the reserves cupboard will be bare. I’ll be on a seven figure pension by then like Mark and Phil and Jeroen before me. Ha!