
This article contains unverified claims that diverge significantly from established historical and financial accounts of the Groningen gas field. Readers are strongly advised to review the full Editor’s Note and disclaimer at the end of this article before drawing conclusions. This article presents a contested financial reconstruction that has not been independently verified
By the Ministry for Historical Reprint (Ministerie voor Historische Herdruk), Netherlands Published with permission on RoyalDutchShellPlc.com


PART TWO: THE MACHINES HAVE NOTICED
The Groningen gas field in the Netherlands — once Europe’s largest — now at the centre of arbitration cases by Shell, ExxonMobil and NAM against the Dutch state over closure terms and compensation rights.

“A persistent reputational risk.” — Shell internal memo, 2007


The Charges


























